现在进行时表将来和一般将来时的区别(一般将来时与现在进行时的区别)

tinghui.net.cnz62024-04-17

一、一般现在时和一般将来时区分

一、一般将来时态:

四种形式表达将来时: will/ shall+动词原形, be going to+动词原形, be doing,以及一般现在时。

shall/ will/ be going to+动词原形

be to do sth.

be+coming(leaving, starting, reaching, returning….)

be about to do sth.

1. will/ shall表示单纯的将来(即现在的之后),will还可以表示"决心"、"意愿";shall用于第一、三人称的问句中,还可以表示征求对方的意见。例如:

He will be back in a few days.(单纯将来)

I will study hard to keep up with my clas**ates.(决心或意愿)

Shall I go with you?(征求意见)

【注意】在含有if的条件状语从句时,主句中要用will表示将来时。例如:

If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go clim**ng.

2. be going to+动词原形多用于口语,强调事先的"打算、计划"要做的事情或有某种迹象要发生的事情。例如:

What are you going to do this evening?(打算)

Look!There are so many clouds in the sky. It's going to rain, I think.(有迹象要发生的事情)

3. be doing代表现在进行时。现在进行时表示即将发生的将来,多与表示位移的动词come, go, arrive, leave, fly, start等连用。例如:

She is leaving for Beijing.她就要启程去北京。

4.一般现在时表示将来时,主要用于时间状语从句或条件状语从句中;或者用来表示按时刻表的规定将要发生的动作。例如:

I'll tell him about it as soon as I see him.

My plane takes off at seven tomorrow morning.

二、过去将来时态:(The Future-in-the-Past Tense)

1)过去将来时一般由“助动词would(should)+动词原形”构成,也可以用“was(were) going to+动词原形”来表示。过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,这种时态常用在宾语从句中。

I thought the film was going to be very interesting.

我原以为这个电影会很有趣。

No one knew which country would hold the next Olympic Games.

谁也不知道将由哪个国家举办下一届奥林匹克运动会。

2)由were/was going to表示过去将来时

Jackie thought the American country music was going to be very popular.杰基认为美国乡村音乐将深受欢迎。

The Greens were going to spend their winter vacation abroad.格林一家将到国外去度寒假。

Zhou Lan said she was going to work hard at her English.周兰说她将努力学习英语。

Charlie wrote he and his father were going to cut rice soon.查利写道他与他父亲不久就打算割稻。

3)用would表示过去将来时

They told me that they would come home by air for the holiday.他们告诉我说他们将乘飞机回家度假。

The writer thought it would be wrong to eat monkeys.作者认为吃猴子肉是不对的。

It would be very difficult to make progress if you didn't work hard.

4)过去将来时态中的否定形式

The radio broadcast that it was not going to snow tomorrow.电台广播说明天不会下雪。

He explained that he was not going to take part in the sports meeting.他解释说他将不参加运动会。

During an earthquake weak buildings would not stay up.地震时不结实的楼房就要倒塌。

He would not prepare any special food for his cousin.他不给表弟做特别的饭菜。

三、用于表示过去未实现的希望和计划的表达:

A. should like to/ would like to/ would love to+不定式的完成时态

B. was/ were going to do sth.(用过去将来时态表示原打算做什么.)C. was/ were going to have done sth.表示未完成原来的计划和安排.

D. expect, intend, hope, mean, plan, promise, suppose, think, want, wish...常用过去完成时态在这些词后接宾语从句或者接不定式的一般形式;或者用一般过去时态后面接不定式的完成形式表示过去未曾实现的愿望.

E. wish that…had done sth.表示过去未曾实现的愿望.

F.情态动词should,would, could, might, ought to等后接不定式的完成时,表示过去本该做,打算做,想做而未做的事情.

G. had better/ would rather+不定式的完成时,表示一种过去的愿望.常译为"当初好/当初真该...."

四、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

现在完成时是现在时的范畴,表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响;而一般过去时是过去的范畴,表示过去的动作或现象,与现在无关。例如:

He has come here.(说明他现在在这里)

He came here.(说明他过去来过这里,但现在是否在这里不知道)

四、一般过去时与过去进行时的区别

一般过去时表示过去发生过,强调动作结束了。而过去进行时表示动作在过去某时间内进行,强调动作没结束。例如:

Yesterday I wrote a letter.(意思是"写了信")

Yesterday I was writing a letter.(意思是"在写信")

五、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时的区别

过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时这三个时态是"寄生"时态。所谓"寄生"时态,就是不能单独存在,必须以某一过去时为存在的条件。过去进行时就是与某一过去时同时发生的动作,过去将来时就是在某一过去时之后发生的动作,过去完成时就是在某一过去动作之前发生的动作。请比较:

When I got there, they had done the work.当我到达那儿时,他们已经做完工作了。

When I got there, they were doing the work carefully.当我到达那儿时,他们正在认真地做工作。

When I got there, they would do the work.当我到达那儿时,他们才做工作。

二、一般将来时和现在进行时表将来有什么区别

1现在进行时除表现在外,还可以表示将来。现在进行时表将来时常用“意图”“安排”或“打算”的含义。这种现在进行时比较生动,给人一种期待感。

2一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。常常和表示将来的时间状语连用。如:tomorrow(明天),nextweek(下周),fromnowon(从现在开始);inthefuture(将来)等。一般将来时由助动词shall(第一人称),will(第二、三人称)动词原形构成。美国英语则不管什么人称,一律用will。

三、一般将来时与现在进行时的区别

一般现在时表将来的几种情况:

1)下列动词come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情.例如:

The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.火车明天上午六点开.

When does the bus star?It stars in ten minutes.汽车什么时候开?十分钟后.

2)以here,there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行.例如:

Here comes the bus.= The bus is coming.车来了.

There goes the bell.= The bell is ringing.铃响了.

3)在时间或条件句中.例如:

When Bill comes(不是will come),ask him to wait for me.比尔来后,让他等我.

I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there.我到了那里,就写信给你.

4)在动词hope,take care that,make sure that等的宾语从句中.例如:

I hope they have a nice time next week.我希望他们下星期玩得开心.

Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.离开房间前,务必把窗户关了.

现在进行时除表进行外,还可以表示将来.现在进行时表将来时常用“意图”“安排”或“打算”的含义.这种现在进行时比较生动,给人一种期待感.

1.它常表近或较近的将来,所用动词多是转移动词.如:

(1) I’m going.我要走了.

(2) I'm coming.我要来了.

(3) When are you starting?你什么时候动身?

2.表将来的现在进行时除用于转移动词外,亦可用于某些非转移动词.如:

(1) I’m meeting you after class.课后我找你.

(2) What are you doing next Sunday?下星期你打算干什么?

(3) She is buying a new **ke soon.她不久将买一辆新自行车.

3.但偶尔也表示较远的将来.如:

When I grow up,I’m joining the army.我长大了要参军.

4.表将来的现在进行时有时含有“决心”的意思,多用在否定结构中.如:

(1) I’m not going.我不走了.

(2) I’m not waiting any longer.我不再等了.

5.有时也用在肯定结构中.如:

I’m backing out.我要打退堂鼓了.

6.用这种现在进行时与对方讲话时可变成命令,不过语气比较温和.如:

(1) You are staying.你留下吧.

(2) Don’t forget:you are taking part too.不要忘记:你也要参加.

7.同一般现在时一样,现在进行时也可在时间、条件或原因状语从句中表示将来.如:

(1) when you are passing my way,please drop in.你什么时候路过我们家,请进来坐.(用于时间状语从句)

(2) If they are not doing it,what am I to do?如果他们不干,那我该怎么办?(用于条件状语从句)

(3) She is going to the dentist tomorrow because she is having a tooth filled.

8.表示将来的现在进行时也可用在间接引语中,表示说话人相信它将是事实.如:

He said he is going tomorrow.他说他明天走.

9.表将来的现在进行时有时从属于将来时态.如:

(1) On election night we’ll be telling you what’s happening in various places in this country.到了选举的夜晚,我们将把全国各地的情况告诉大家.

(2) when I have time,I’ll come down to the school to see how you’re both doing.我有空时,会来学校看你们俩的学习情况.

典型例题

(1)He said he________me a present unless I_______ in doing the experiment.

A.had not given; had not succeeded B.would not give; succeed

C.will not give; succeed D.would not give; will succeed.

答案B.在时间,条件或让步主语从句中一般不用将来时.本题有He said,故为过去式.主句用将来时,故选B.此处用一般过去式代替了过去将来时.

(2)表示现在已安排好的未来事项,行程等活动.

The museum opens at ten tomorrow.博物馆明天10点开门.(实际上每天如此.)

I know you are arriving next Sunday.(我知道你下个星期天就要到了)进行时表将来,所以 arriving后面+next Sunday.

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